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1.
T. Stoichev L. Makedonski T. Trifonova M. Stancheva F. Ribarova 《Chemistry and Ecology》2007,23(3):191-200
In spite of a worldwide reduction in the utilization of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), they are still a problem for the aquatic environment and human health. The Black Sea is still being polluted with persistent chemicals, including OCPs. Aquatic organisms (sprat, scad, bluefish, shad, belted bonito, goby, and black mussel) with different feeding behaviours were sampled on a seasonal basis from the Bulgarian region of the Black Sea, and the concentrations of 13 OCP residues were determined. Although many of the OCPs were not detected in the samples, in all samples 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) was present mainly in the form of its metabolites 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDD) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE). Only about 12% of the total DDT was present as the parent compound pp-DDT, which suggests that it was not being used recently in the region. The total DDT concentrations were generally below 150 μg kg-1 fresh weight, but higher levels—up to 354 μg kg-1 fresh weight—were also measured for fish species with a high fat content. Between-species differences were observed, even when the concentrations were presented on a fat-level basis. DDT concentrations did not show any significant changes over the 2-yr sampling period. Fish sampled in the northern areas of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast seemed to contain higher DDT levels than those from the southern areas, suggesting a major (historical) influence of the Danube River. For permanent monitoring purposes, the utility of Black Sea gobies and scad should be considered. 相似文献
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The distribution and sources of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in air and surface waters were monitored in Nairobi City using triolein-filled semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs). The SPMDs were extracted by dialysis using n-hexane, followed by cleanup by adsorption chromatography on silica gel cartridges. Sample analysis was done by GC-ECD and confirmed by GC–MS. Separation of means was achieved by analysis of variance, followed by pair-wise comparison using the t-test (p≤ 0.05). The total OCPs ranged between 0.018 – 1.277 ng/m3 in the air and <LOD – 1391.000 ng/m3 in surface waters. Based on the results, the means of Industrial Area, Dandora and Kibera were not significantly different (p≤ 0.05), but were higher (p≤ 0.05) than those of City square and Ngong’ Forest. The results revealed non-significant (p≤ 0.05) contribution of long-range transport to OCP pollution in Nairobi City. This indicated possible presence of point sources of environmental OCPs in the city. The water-air fugacity ratios indicated that volatilization and deposition played an important role in the spatial distribution of OCPs in Nairobi City. This indicated that contaminated surface waters could be major sources of human exposure to OCPs, through volatilization. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) determined from inhalation of atmospheric OCPs were 2.3745 × 10?13 – 1.6845 × 10?11 (adult) and 5.5404 × 10?13 – 3.9306 × 10?11 (child) in the order: Dandora > Kibera > Industrial Area > City Square > Ngong’ Forest. However, these were lower than the USEPA acceptable risks, 10?6 – 10?4. This study concluded that atmospheric OCPs did not pose significant cancer risks to the residents. 相似文献
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针对来福灵生产及排污现状,提出清洁生产方案,实施效果显著,COD产生总量削减53.7%,废气、废渣实现零排放,原材料消耗大幅度下降,年增收229.84万元。 相似文献
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稻、土及田水中锐劲特残留量分析方法 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
建立了新型杀虫剂锐劲特及其代谢物在水稻、土壤、田水中的气相色谱毛细管柱残留分析方法。该方法对锐劲特及其代谢物MB46513、MB45950、MB46136、RPA200766等,在水稻中的最低检出浓度依次为:0.002,0.001,0.001,0.004,0.01mg/kg;在土壤中这几种组分最低检出浓度为水稻中的1/3;在田水中最低检出浓度为水稻中的1/25。加标回收率83.4%-97.7%。变异系数1.86%-7.07%。 相似文献
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土壤中农药污染的植物—微生物联合修复 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
分析了受农药污染的土壤生物修复中植物所起的作用,认为选取适当的植物对帮助微生物降解农药效果更好,并探讨了影响联合修复技术的制因素,对此技术的发展和完善提出了建议。 相似文献
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生物酶技术在农药残留快速检测中的应用进展 总被引:24,自引:1,他引:24
综述了生物酶法快速检测有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的某些理论与技术问题。该技术是现代生物学技术同农业环境监测技术相结合的产物。并介绍了国内外关于农药残留快速测定的方法和研究状况,在快速和现场测定等方面有着巨大的潜力,是一种极具前景的快速检测技术。 相似文献